Final Year Medical student The Marist University of Merida Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
Disclosure(s):
Emiliano Jiménez-Santaella: No financial relationships to disclose
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome resulting from structural or functional abnormalities. This leads to recurrent hospitalizations, functional impairment, decreased quality of life, and high mortality. Nowadays, innovative interventional treatments have demonstrated benefits (1,2).
Methods: A narrative review of non-pharmacological interventional therapies for HF was conducted, searching in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 2010-2025, using keywords and Boolean operators. Only human studies were included, narrative reviews and articles without full access were excluded.
Outcome: TEER mitral (MitraClip) It consists of a clip with 2 clasps that trap mitral leaflets. Evidence showed 94% of successful, with minimal complications in high surgical risk patients. Useful in HFrEF and mitral regurgitation secondary to ventricular dysfunction (3). TEER mitral (Pascal Precision) MitraClip alternative consists of 2 independent paddles and clasps for the support of the leaflets; unlike the MitraClip, it allows opening and repositioning even after closure, and has a central spacer that occupies the regurgitation area (4). Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) Non-excitatory electrical stimulation is administered during the absolute refractory period. This improves the intracellular calcium signal, increasing contraction force. Suggested for advanced HFrEF unsuitable for other therapies (5). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) Established treatment for mild-severe systolic HF refractory to medical therapy. A biventricular pacemaker/resynchronizer coordinates the contraction in patients with electrical dyssynchrony (usually wide QRS) (6,7). T-TEER (TriClip) Implanted via femoral, bring the leaflets closer together; reducing the regurgitant orifice. The procedure is indicated in severe insufficiency, especially in high surgical risk or contraindication for conventional surgery (8-12). Mortality, hospitalizations and quality of life outcomes are in Table 1 [13-24].
Conclusion: New nonpharmacological therapies have become an essential part of HF management. These therapies, in an integrated approach with conventional pharmacotherapy, have been shown to significantly improve the prognosis of patients with HF.
